National infrastructure manager of France
SNCFR
- SNCF Réseau
Network length, gauge and electrification (2007):
- 29046km standard gauge, 5905km electrified at 1500V= and 9113km
at 25kV 50Hz
- 167km narrow gauge, 122km electrified at 600/750/850V= (mostly
3rd rail)
SNCF Réseau operates and maintains the national railway network
in France. It is subsidiary of state passenger and freight operator
SNCF.
Track maintenance is partly carried out by SNCF subsidiary SNCF Infra
with
its own locomotives and measuring cars. There are also numerous small
private track maintenance companies.
Network length in 2021 is around 30000km, of which 2600km are
high-speed lines (LGV).
Website: https://www.sncf-reseau.com/
Railway Operators in France
Passenger and freight operating companies
Track building/maintenance companies
Stock leasing companies
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SNCF -
Société
Nationale des Chemins de fer Français
Network length, gauge and eletrification (2021):
- standard gauge, electrified at 1500V= and 25kV 50Hz
- narrow gauge, electrified at 600/750/850V= (mostly
3rd rail)
The very first railway services in France date to back to 1830/1831, on
Lyon-St Etienne. Railway construction quickly boomed, so that the
amount of (private) concessionaries would rise to 27 in the late-1840s.
The Imperial government merged most of them into 6 bigger
concessionaries in the 1850s:
- Paris-Lyon-Méditerrannée [PLM]: Paris-Southeast
- Chemins de Fer de l’Est [Est]: Northeast
- Chemins de Fer du Nord [Nord]: North
- Chemins de Fer de l’Ouest [Ouest]: West & Northwest
- Paris-Orléans [PO]: Paris-Southwest (until Bordeaux &
Montauban)
- Compagnie du Midi [Midi]: Southwest
The Treaty of Frankfurt 1871 severed from Chemins de Fer de l’Est all
the railway lines in Alsace and Northern Lorraine . These passed to the
Kaiserliche General-Direktion der Eisenbahnen in Elsaß-Löthringen (EL),
a mere branch of the Imperial Ministry for Transport in Berlin.
In 1877, The French State merged some local (bankrupt) concessionaries
in the West into Chemins de Fer de l’État (État), which absorbed Ouest
in 1909. Under the Treaty of Versailles 1919, EL passed to the French
Government, which re-registered it as a self-contained, wholly
state-owned company, Chemins de Fer d’Alsace-Lorraine (AL). In 1935, PO
took over Midi and became PO-Midi.
The Nationalisation Act 1937 merged those 6 concessionaries (PLM,
PO-Midi, État, Nord, Est, AL) into a single company, SNCF SA, effective
from 01/01/1938, for a timeframe of 45 year. Originally, the French
State would hold 51% of this Public Limited Company, while the
shareholders of the 5 former private concessionaries held the remaining
49%, to be bought back later in yearly instalments.
In 1983, as the last instalment under the Nationalisation Act 1937 had
been paid off, SNCF SA became wholly-owned by the French State, and was
re-registered as an EPIC (Établissement Public à caractère Industriel
et Commercial), i.e. a public body with some commercial freedom.
SNCF began to be sectorised in 1992, in line with rising EU
legislation. In 1997, a new public body, Réseau Ferré de France (RFF)
took over infrastructure, although SNCF has retained maintenance and
traffic-regulation since then. In 1999, sectorisation was stepped up,
with dedicated allocation of rolling-stock, while locomotives got a
prefix depending on their operating sector.
In 2007, SNCF encompasses 6 operating sectors:
- Voyageurs France-Europe (VFE): operates most high-speed services ( TGV )
- Corail InterCités (CIC): operates radial medium-distance
services, along with some medium/long-distance (often sharply
loss-making) cross-country mainline services (all daytime). All these
are branded Corail InterCités,
although those on Paris-Orléans-Tours
primarily run as Aqualys. [Locomotive prefix: “2”]
- Action Régionale: operates all urban, local and regional services
( TER ), save in
Île-de-France and Corsica . As a result of the continuous rise of
TGV/Corail Téoz at the expense of Corail, some semi-fast TER may run
very long distances (300-800km), especially in the Southeast, with a
specific brand in Rhône-Alpes and PACA (TER-IC). Also operates some
faster services using TGV stock on HSLs (TERGV, in Nord-Pas de Calais,
300km/h) or conventional loco-hauled stock at 200km/h (TER200 in
Alsace, Interloire on Orléans-Nantes). [Locomotive prefix: “5”]
- Île-de-France: operates all urban, outer-urban and suburban
services within and around Paris (
Transilien ) on RFF infrastructure. [Locomotive prefix: “8”]. RER
Lines A-B are jointly operated with RATP.
- Fret: operates all
freight services. Currently holds safety certificates for
Belgium, Luxemburg and Italy . Pending applications for the Netherlands
and Britain . [Locomotive prefix: “4”]
- Infrastructure: maintains RFF physical assets, yet not those to
be built under Public-Private-Partnerships. [Locomotive prefix: “6”]
In 2012 the night train activity (Corail Lunéa), CIC and
locomotive-hauled long-distance trains (Corail Téoz, previously
operated by VFE) merged into Intercité, leaving VFE with almost only
TGV services.
International Mainline traffic:
Most of French-International mainline traffic is now managed by joint
subsidiaries of SNCF-VFE (held by SNCF-Participations SA, a listed
company) and neighbouring national operators, namely:
- Eurostar Group Ltd. (62%, Eurostar UK Ltd.: 33%, SNCB-NMBS: 5%)
[London]: London-Continent high-speed services ( Eurostar ). SNCF-VFE also holds
35% of Inter-Capital & Regional Railway Ltd., which is to manage
Eurostar UK Ltd. until 2010
- Thalys International SCRL (62%, SNCB-NMBS: 28%, DB-FV: 10%)
[Brussels]: high-speed services on Paris-Brussels-Cologne/Amsterdam ( Thalys ) and Brussels-French
Regions ( TGV ).
NS-Hispeed also as a mere partner on services extending to the
Netherlands
- Alleo GmbH. (50%, DB-FV: 50%) [Saarbrücken] : high-speed services
on Paris-Frankfurt and Paris-Stuttgart (
ICE/TGV )
- Lyria SAS (67%, SBB-CFF-FFS: 33%) [Paris]: Paris-Switzerland
high-speed services ( TGV Lyria )
- Elipsos Internacional SA (50%, RENFE-LD: 50%) [Madrid]:
Spain-Paris (+Zurich/Milan) overnight services ( Trenhotel Elipsos ).
It is expected that the same operating pattern will also apply to:
- Barcelona-France high-speed services, once the
Barcelona-Perpignan HSL opens (2009/2010), through a new subsidiary to
be set up with RENFE-LD
- Germany-Southern France (Spain) high-speed services, once TGV Rhin-Rhône Stage 1 is
there (2011/2012), through either Alleo GmbH. or a new joint subsidiary
to be set up with DB-FV
In both cases however, open-access is not ruled out.
Other mainline international services are directly run by SNCF-VFE
jointly with other operators, without any joint-subsidiary:
- Brussels-Switzerland daytime services ( Eurocity )
[SNCB-NMBS, CFL, SBB-CFF-FFS]
- Paris-Germany overnight services (
Nachtzug ) [DB-FV]
SNCF-VFE also runs international services on its own, with no direct
involvement of any other operator:
- Paris-Luxemburg high-speed services (
TGV )
- Luxemburg-Nice overnight services ( Corail Lunéa )
- Paris-Ventimiglia high-speed services ( TGV )
- Paris-Ventimiglia overnight services ( Corail Lunéa )
- Geneva-Southern France high-speed services ( TGV )
- Geneva-Quimper and Geneva-Irun overnight services ( Corail Lunéa ).
SNCF-VFE does conversely not directly take part in the commercial
operation of other international mainline services running in France ,
namely:
- Motorail services (
UrlaubsExpress ) from Germany [DB-FV, DB-Autozug]
- Motorail services (
Auto-Slaap ) from The Netherlands [Euro-Express-Trein Charter]
- Motorail services ( French Motorail )
from Calais and Ski services ( Snow Train ) from
Paris-Nord [RailEurope UK Ltd., held for 100% by SNCF-VFE]
- Strasburg-Munich daytime services (Eurocity) [DB-FV]
- Strasburg-Vienna overnight services (
Euronight ) [DB-FV, ÖBB-PV]
- Nice-Italy mainline services (Eurocity/Euronight “ Riviera ”)
[TI-Passeggeri]
- Montpellier-Spain mainline services (
Talgo ), also branded as Corail or Eurocity. [RENFE-LD]
In 2016 Fret SNCF produced 18.1 billion tonne-km of freight, 9% less
than in 2015.
In 2016 the French TER regions were reorganised, with many joining in
to larger new regions. The new ones are:
Alsace+Champagne-Ardenne+Lorraine, Aquitaine+Limousin+Poitou-Charentes,
Auvergne+Rhône-Alpes, Normanie(Basse+Haute), Bourgogne-Franche Comté,
Centre, Languedoc-Roussillon+Midi-Pyrénées,
Hauts-de-France(Nord-Pas-de-Calais+Picardie), Pays-de-la-Loire and
Provende-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.
SNCF CMR (Cellule des Matériels Radiés) operates locomotives to
transport withdrawn stock and historic locomotives that are intended
for preservation.
In 2015 SNCF simplified its organisation and it now only has three
branches:
SNCF Mobilités - with sub-branches SNCF Voyageurs (no more
organizational distinction between TGV/Intercités/TER/Île de France);
SNCF Logistics (of which Fret SNCF is a part);
Keolis (city transit internationally and eurobahn in Germany).
SNCF Réseau is the operator of the network and includes SNCF Infra for
track maintenance.
SNCF Immobilier is responsible for buildings and ground management.
On 1 January 2025, Fret SNCF is disbanded with new companies for freight (called
Hexafret) and for locomotive maintenance (called
Technis)
appearing. In 2024 Fret SNCF already lost 30% of its traffic (20% of
its turnover) to other freight operators in France, as required by the
European Union due to unauthorised subsidies.
Websites: http://www.sncf.fr/
and
https://www.sncf-reseau.fr/
Stock Tables:
Ligne de Cerdagne
Network length, gauge and electrification (1999):
- 62km narrow gauge(1000mm), electrified at 850V= 3rd rail
The Cerdagne line, better known as “Le Train Jaune (El Tren Groc)”
owing to the livery applied on its rolling-stock, was opened in stages
by Compagnie du Midi from 1910 until 1927.
Under the Nationalisation Act 1937, SNCF took this line over on
01/01/1938. Operation remains entrusted to SNCF, with regional
passenger services part of the TER Languedoc-Roussillon network.
Freight traffic ceased in 1974. Infrastructure passed to RFF in 1997.
This line features steep gradients (up to 6%) and tight curves, while
it serves the highest station in France (Bolquère-Eyne, 1592m).
Long-term projects include a diversion through the Spanish enclave of
Llívia and to Puigcerdà (Spain), along with an extension to La Seu
d’Urgell (Spain) and possibly Andorra-la-Vella (Andorra).
Website: https://www.pyrenees-cerdagne.com/decouvrir/le-train-jaune
Stock Tables:
Ligne de Savoie
Network length, gauge and electrification (1996):
- 33km narrow gauge(1000mm), electrified at 750V= 3rd rail
Ligne de Savoie was opened by Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée [PLM] from 1901
until 1908, as so as to serve the Chamonix area and to provide a new
international route to Switzerland . This line features the steepest
gradient (9%) in adhesion-only operation (Chedde-Servoz). St
Gervais-Chedde features a dual-gauge track (1000mm + 1435mm, 4 rails)
for freight traffic.
Until 1985, this line was the only way to reach Vallorcine from the
rest of France in Winter days, through a tunnel (1883m) under the
Montets Pass (1461m). In 1985, the Montets Tunnel was rebuilt so as to
accommodate a single-lane road alongside the single track, with a view
to conveying road traffic whenever the Montets Pass was closed. Trains
and cars may not run through this tunnel at the same time, however.
This line passed to SNCF on 01/01/1938 under the Nationalisation Act
1937, while RFF took over infrastructure in 1997. It currently
accommodates regional services operated by SNCF and which are part of
the TER Rhône-Alpes network. International services to/from Martigny
are operated jointly with Transports de Martigny et Régions [TMR SA (ex
MC)].
Website: http://train-mont-blanc.fr/
Stock Tables:
BA - Chemin
de
Fer du Blanc-Argent
Network length, gauge and electrification (2002):
- 67km narrow gauge(1000mm), not electrified
Blanc-Argent opened in 1901/1902, and would originally connect Le Blanc
with Argent-sur-Sauldre (190km). The concession was awarded to Chemin
de Fer Paris-Orléans [PO], but the concessionary later entrusted
operation to Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Blanc à Argent [BA], a
family private company. The Nationalisation Act 1937 did not alter this
structure, as BA would merely operate this line on behalf of SNCF as
from 01/01/1938.
This line was cut back in stages to Salbris-Luçay le Male, while
freight traffic was withdrawn in 1989, owing to the change of gauge
required in Salbris. Passenger services are part of the TER Centre
network, while infrastructure passed to RFF in 1997. Kéolis SA, a
company controlled by SNCF, has recently purchased BA. The remaining
infrastructure was completely upgraded in 2012/2013 to allow 70km/h
running.
The surviving 67km route has sections `north' from Salbris (the
connection to the Paris – Vierzon main line) to Romorantin – the area
`capital' and south from Romorantin to Valencay, crossing the Tours –
Vierzon main line at Gièvres.
Website: https://keolis-cba.fr/
Stock Tables:
CFC - Chemins de Fer Corses
Network length, gauge and electrification (2002):
- 232km narrow gauge(1000mm), not electrified
In 1878, the central government approved plans for 4 metre-gauge
railway lines in Corsica:
- Bastia-Ajaccio (via Casamozza, Ponte Leccia and Corte), opened in
1888/1894
- Ponte Leccia-Calvi, opened in 1889/1890
- Casamozza-Porto Vecchio, which was originally to extend until
Bonifacio, opened in 1888/1935
- Ajaccio-Propriano, which has never seen light.
This network was owned by a local company, Chemins de Fer Corses [CFC],
while operation was originally entrusted to Chemins de Fer
Départementaux [CFD], which had been set up in 1881 so as to operate
secondary lines.
The Casamozza-Porto Vecchio line was severely damaged in 1943, and
has been closed down since then. As CFD was nearing bankruptcy, the
central government directly took over operation from 1945 until 1965.
In 1965, operation passed to Société Auxiliaire des Chemins de Fer
Secondaires [SACFS]. Notwithstanding a more pro-active policy
(investments, faster services), SACFS went bankrupt in 1972, and was
replaced with CFTA as a provisional operator from 1972 until 1983.
In 1983, the central government franchised operation of CFC to
SNCF, while infrastructure remained vested in the State, not even
passing to RFF in 1997. In 2001, the Corsican council re-franchised CFC
to SNCF for 9 years (2002/2011), following an open competition where
only SNCF had submitted a bid. From 2012 the network is managed by a
mixed capital body (15% SNCF).
The network culminates at 906m in Vizzavona, with a tunnel (3916m)
though the continental divide. Passenger traffic is primarily driven by
tourism, such as coastal services on Calvi-Île Rousse (“Tramway de la
Balagne”), and also by urban services on Bastia-Casamozza. Extensive
tracks renewals began in 2004, in an effort to raise speeds and cut
journey times, particularly for long-distance services. New diesel
trainsets have now entered service, after major teething troubles.
At a later stage, the Bastia-Porto Vecchio line is to be re-instated in
stages, while rail-air services may also serve the airports of Porretta
(Bastia) and Campo dell’Oro (Ajaccio). Freight traffic has been
suspended since 2006, owing to the poor condition of shunters (now all
withdrawn).
Website: http://www.cf-corse.corsica/
Stock Tables:
CMB -
Compagnie
du Mont-Blanc SA
Network length, gauge and electrification (2000):
- 17km narrow gauge(1000mm), electrified at 11kV 50Hz
Compagnie du Mont-Blanc SA is a public limited company set up in 2000,
as a merger of various concessions in the Chamonix area: 3 ski areas
(Breven-Flégère, Balme, Grands-Montets), Aiguille du Midi, and 2
rack-railway lines:
- Chamonix-Montenvers [CM] (5.1km), connecting the SNCF station of
Chamonix (1042m, for Ligne de Savoie) and Montenvers (1913m, for The
Sea of Ice), opened in 1909, with gradients of up to 22%
- Tramway du Mont-Blanc [TMB] (12.4km), connecting the SNCF station
of St Gervais les Bains-Le Fayet (509m) with the Bionassay Glacier
(2372m), opened in 1909/1914, with gradients of up to 24%.
Whereas the former was built with a view to attracting tourism to the
Sea of Ice as from day 1, the latter was originally intended to
terminate very close to the top the White Mount (4807m). Both lines
were electrified in 1953 and 1956 with 11kV-50Hz.
CM has been operating all-year-round since 1993, while TMB is
restricted to Le Fayet-Bellevue in winter. CMB is held for 71% by
institutional investors, while the remaining 29% is publicly traded at
Euronext Paris.
Website: https://www.montblancnaturalresort.com/fr/tramway-montblanc
Stock Tables:
CP -
Chemins de
fer de Provence (Veolia Transport)
Network length, gauge and electrification (2002):
- 166km narrow gauge(1000mm), not electrified
In 1885, the central government conceded the construction and the
operation of 3 lines for 99 years (1885/1984) to Compagnie des Chemins
de Fer du Sud de la France [SF]:
- Toulon-St Raphaël via Hyères and Cavalaire (with 2 branches off
to Cogolin and St-Tropez)
- (Nice) Colomars-Meyrargues, via Vence, Grasse and Draguignan
(with 2 branches off to Villeneuve-Loubet), opened in 1887/1892
- Nice-Digne (with 4 branches off to Roquestéron, St
Martin-Vésubie, St Sauveur-sur-Tinée and Guillaumes), opened in
1891/1911
In 1925, SF was renamed Chemins de Fer de Provence [CP]. In the
inter-war years, traffic sharply collapsed, so that operation would be
suspended in 1933 and would resume only in 1935, after (steam)
loco-hauled formations had been replaced with (economical) DMUs, while
the central government had taken over the original concession as CP had
gone insolvent.
Toulon-St Raphaël and Colomars-Meyrargues closed down in 1948 and 1952.
The only line left was Nice-Digne, whose branches were also axed at the
same time.
In 1968, the central government transferred this line to Syndicat
Mixte Méditerranée-Alpes [SYMA], a newly-founded public local body
which included:
- The local council of Maritime Alps (Conseil Général des
Alpes-Maritimes)
- The local council of Higher Alps (Conseil Général des
Hautes-Alpes)
- The city council of Nice
- The city council of Digne
In 1972, the central government and SYMA signed a concession contract
of 99 years (1972/2071). In 1987, the regional council of PACA (Conseil
Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur) joined SYMA, which itself assigned
its operation to Société Nouvelle des Chemins de Fer de Provence
[SNCP], a local public body.
In 1999, SYMA franchised the line to CFTA (later renamed Connex, then
Veolia Transport) for 15 years (1999/2014). In 2007, the regional
council of PACA succeeded to SYMA, with no substantial impact on the
current franchise.
This line culminates at Thorame-Haute (1023m), very close to the
tunnel of La Colle-St Michel (3457m), which links the valleys of Verdon
and Var with each other. Passenger traffic is primarily driven by
suburban services on Nice-Carros, along with tourism throughout the
whole route.
Long-term plans include track renewals, improvements on Nice-Carros
suburban services (with a branch on the Var right bank), and ultimately
the transfer, re-instatement and dual-gauging of the SNCF branch
Digne-St-Auban (for Marseilles-Briançon TER services), closed since
1989.
CP is now part of Transports Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur that uses
the brand name ZOU!
Website: https://www.cpzou.fr/
Stock Tables:
CPTF -
Captrain France (former VFLI)
Network length, gauge and electrification (2002):
- 16km standard gauge, not electrified (former VFL)
- 206km standard gauge, not electrified (former HBL)
- standard gauge, not electrified (the rest)
On 1 January 2021 VFLI (Voies Ferrées Locales et Industrielles) was
renamed into Captrain France.
Captrain France (VFLI since 1998) operates freight trains over branch
lines and
industrial lines. The company is owned by SNCF. In 2004, VFLI owned 181
locomotives (75 locomotives, 88 diesel shunters, 18 rail-road
shunters). All the stock was supposed to be transferred to a new
society called GEMAFER by 1/01/2003, VFLI hiring locos from this
society.
In 2001 VFLI took over HBL, which used to operate coal trains in the
Lorraine area. The HBL main line is Creutzwald-Béning-Forbach. The HBL
operations were renamed in VFLI-Cargo (which is now also an open-access
operator).
VFLI now also operates all trains former run by VFL. VFL operates six
freight-only branches off the Bordeax-Dax main line, radiating from
Ychoux, Labouheyre, Laluque and Dax. Since 1998 they also shunt in
Rhône-Poulenc(Rhône) and Ciments Français(Marne). Another VFLI
subsidiary is VFM (Voies ferrées du Morvan). The line Autun-Avallon was
take over from CFD in 1/06/2000, and is now operated with 2 ex CFD
english locomotives and the 3 ex SNCF 66600. The Compagnie des Chemins
de fer départementaux (CFD) was founded on 07-02-1881 in Paris, with
Belgian capital, to operate ligth metre gauge railways in France. The
company operated railways in the following departments : Ardeche,
Charentes, Corsica, Dordogne, Haute-Loire, Indre et Loire, Lozere,
Manche, Saone et Loire, Seine et Marne, Yonne. In december 1938, CFD
also took over tramways de la Vendée from SNCF, and they started to
operate some standard gauge lines for SNCF in Côte d'Or, Saone et
Loire, and Indre et Loire. Most of the metre gauge network was closed
in the 40's and the 50's. The last networks were Seine et Marne (closed
in 1959), Lozere (closed in 1968) and Vivarais (closed in 1968).
Corsica network was take over by CFTA after WW 2 but is now part of
SNCF.
VFLI operated the following sites in 2004 : Rhodia factory in Saint
Fons, Renault in Douai, Calcia in Couvrot, Lafarge in Cusset, Elf in
Lacq, Port Edouard Herriot in Lyon, ALZ in Genk (Belgium), Lafarge in
Romania, The Autun-Avallon line for SNCF, The HBL network, freigth line
around Mont de Marsan for SNCF, Laluque-Tartas and a short branch from
Ychoux (ex VFL), papeterie de Condat, Smurfit SCF in Facture, PSA in
Trnava (Slovak Republic).
Website: https://www.captrain.fr/
Stock Tables:
DB (ECR) -
DB Cargo France (former Euro
Cargo
Rail)
Network length, gauge and electrification (2021):
DB Cargo France started as Euro Cargo Rail in 2005, as one of the first
French
open-access freight operators. They cooperate with EWS from the UK (now
DB Cargo) for
drivers and locomotives. Several Class 66 diesel locomotives from EWS
are still running for ECR in France but also new
locomotives of the same type were delivered. In September 2021 ECR was
renamed into DB Cargo France.
Website: https://fr.dbcargo.com/
Stock Tables:
EP -
Eurotunnel
and
Europorte
Network length, gauge and electrification (1994):
- 50km standard gauge, electrified at 25kV 50Hz
In March 1985, the French and UK Governments launched a joint
invitation to tender for the design, funding, construction and
operation of a fixed link through the Channel, between the surroundings
of Calais and Folkestone.
4 bids were submitted on 31st October 1985:
- Europont: suspended bridge supporting an overground tunnel
(motorway + dual-track railway)
- Euroroute: railway tunnel (dual-track) combined with a mixed
motorway: tunnel at each end + bridge in-between, all connected through
artificial islands
- Channel Expressway: road tunnel with an embedded single-track
railway
- Eurotunnel: railway tunnel (2x single-track + service tunnel),
which was also to accommodate shuttles for road vehicles.
Unsurprisingly, the French and UK governments opted for Eurotunnel on
20th January 1986, as this project was technically more mature and
safer, and actually very close to the still-born project of 1973.
On 12th February 1986, France and the UK signed the Treaty of
Canterbury, which allowed for the construction of the fixed-link.
Unlike the project of 1973, this Treaty expressly banned any public
funding whatsoever, meaning that the concessionary would have to fund
the project for 100%, through debt and/or equity-finance.
On 14th March, both governments signed the concession contract (55
years, 1987/2042) with the preferred joint bidders, i.e. France-Manche
SA and The Channel Tunnel Group Ltd. On 13th August 1986, Eurotunnel
was set up through the incorporation of 2 new companies: Eurotunnel SA
(France) and Eurotunnel plc (UK), whose shares were pooled in units on
a 1+1 basis. Ownership of France-Manche SA passed to the former, and
that of The Channel Tunnel Group Ltd. passed to the latter, but FM and
CTG remain jointly and severally bound by the concession contract.
Shares and bonds were listed as from 1987 on the Stock Markets of
Paris, London and Brussels . Construction began in late-1987/early-1988
and was complete in 1993. In 1993, the concession was extended from 55
to 65 years (1987/2052).
Revenue operation began in stages in 1994: SNCF-BR freight services
(1st June), Eurotunnel freight shuttles (25th July), Eurostar services
(14th November), Eurotunnel car shuttles (22nd December), while coach
shuttles were introduced on 26th June 1995.
In 1997, the concession was extended from 65 to 99 years (1987/2086).
In 2004, Eurotunnel set up Europorte 2, a subsidiary to operate
open-access long-distance freighters between France and Britain .
Eurotunnel is currently held for 28% by institutional investors, while
the remaining 72% is publicly traded.
In 2009 Eurotunnel acquired the freight activities of Veolia in
France. Freight transport is divided in Europorte France (former Veolia
Cargo France), Europorte Link (former Veolia Cargo Link), Europorte
Proximity (former CFTA Cargo) and Europorte Channel (former Europorte
2). Also GB Railfreight (UK) was bought in 2016, but sold to investment
fund EQT Infrastructure II again in 2016. In 2023 the service of the
car and truck shuttles was rebranded LeShuttle, without the space and
without Eurotunnel.
In 2009 1.917 million cars passed through the tunnel (+10,000) and
55,000 coaches (-1,000). The number of trucks on shuttle trains was 39%
less than in 2008, 12% less freight trains passed the tunnel (2403
trains). With Eurostar 9.2 million passengers travelled under the
Channel.
Website: http://www.eurotunnel.fr/
Stock Tables:
EU -
Eurostar Group
Network length, gauge and electrification (2023):
In May 2022 Eurostar International and Thalys merged into the new
Eurostar Group. In this group SNCF from France owns 55.75%, SNCB from
Belgium 18.5%, CDPQ from Canada 9.31% and Federated Hermes
Infrastructure 6.44%. In December 2023 the old Thalys brand
will disappear, replaced by Eurostar.
The Eurostar Group operates highspeed trains on London-Paris,
London-Brussels and
London-Brussels-Amsterdam (former Eurostar) plus
Paris-Brussels-Amsterdam and
Paris-Brussels-Dortmund (former Thalys). There are seasonal trains to
other
destinations in France.
In 2023 16.8 million passengers travelled with
Eurostar, 22% more than in 2022 and back to 2019 pre-covid levels.
Website: https://www.eurostar.com/
Stock Tables:
LNSF -
Lineas
France
Network length, gauge and electrification (2018):
Lineas France is the French subsidiary of the former cargo branch
of the Belgian national railways (NMBS/SNCB) that was sold in 2017.
The company mainly operates shunting duties and local freight trains
for regions (OFP) in Northern France.
Website: https://lineas.net/
Stock Tables:
Le Petit
Train de
la Rhune
Network length, gauge and electrification (1996):
- 4.2km narrow gauge(1000mm), electrified at 3000V 50Hz 3-phase
Projects for a rack-railway to la Rhune (905m) date back to 1908, with
a view to attracting tourism to this scenic location. The central
government conceded in 1912 the construction and the operation of a
railway line between St Ignace-La Rhune to a local council (Conseil
Général des Hautes-Pyrénées), which itself assigned this concession to
Société Anonyme des Chemins de Fer Basques [SCFB] for 69 years
(1913/1982). In 1914, SCFB was renamed Voies Ferrées Départementales du
Midi [VFDM].
Revenue operation began in 1924. In 1982, the original concession
was extended until 1995. In 1989, VFDM was absorbed by Société
Hydro-Électrique du Midi [SHEM], a subsidiary of SNCF, actually set up
by former Compagnie du Midi in the inter-war years to back up
electrification of its own network through the construction of
hydro-electric plants in the Pyrenees.
In 1994, the local council (Conseil Général des Pyrénées-Atlantique)
awarded the operation of this line to CFTA (renamed later Connex, then
Veolia Transport) for 18 years (1995/2013). Since 1935, operation has
been suspended from November until March.
Website: http://www.rhune.com/
Stock Tables:
MISA -
Millet SAS
Network length, gauge and electrification (2020):
Millet SAS is a large freight wagon leasing company that also has some
locomotives for lease. In 2018 they started Millet Rail, that has taken
over mainly cereals and aggregates traffic from Colas Rail. Millet is
now also the
full owner of local railway OuestRail (a former cooperation of
RegioRail and Millet).
Website: https://www.millet-wagons.com/
Stock Tables:
RATP -
Régie
Autonome des Transports Parisiens
Network length, gauge and electrification (2013):
- 114 km standard gauge, electrified at 1500V= and 25kV 50Hz
- 65km standard gauge, electrified at 750V= (tram lines)
This company operates the city metro in Paris and, together with SNCF,
trains on the RER lines around Paris. They also operate low-floor trams
on new lines. After extensions line T1 now runs from Noisy-le-Sec to
Les Courtilles in Asnières, line T2 from Porte de Versailles to Pont de
Bezons, and Line T3 from Pont de Gagliano (Boulevard Victor RER) to
Porte de La Chapelle. This last line is operated in two parts, with T3a
running from Pont de Gagliano to Porte de Vincessens and T3b from Porte
de vincesses to Porte de La Chapelle. In November 2013 line T7 (11.2km)
was openend between Villejuif and Athis-Mons.
From summer 2023 RATP will operate new line T10 (8.2km, Antony La
Croix-de-Berny to Clamart). The contract to operate line T9 was won by
Keolis. From December 2025 RATP will operate tram-train lines T12 and T13, taking over from Transkeo (SNCF+Keolis).
In 2007 446.6 million passengers travelled with RATP on RER trains (in
2006 451.9), producing 4.8 billion passenger-km (in 2006 4.9 billion).
Website: http://www.ratp.fr/
Stock Tables:
RDT -
Régie
Départmentale des Transports des
Bouches-du-Rhône (RDT13)
Network length, gauge and electrification (2003):
- 52km standard gauge, not electrified
RDT13 was set up in 1913, and is actually a public body owned and
managed by a local council (i.e. Conseil Général des Bouches-du-Rhône).
Along with local coach services, RDT13 operates freight rail services
on local branch-lines between Marseilles and Avignon:
- Pas des Lanciers-La Mède
- Barbentane-Plan d’Orgon
- Arles-Fontvieille
In 2005, RDT13 also took over local freighters on Colombiers-Cazouls
from SNCF, close to Béziers.
Website: http://www.rdt13.fr/
Stock Tables:
RRFR - Regiorail France
Network length, gauge and electrification (2018):
RegioRail mainly operates shunting duties and regional freight trains
for many regions (OFP): RegioRail (Lille), Ouest Rail (Poitiers),
RegioRail
Provence (Fos-sur-Mer), RegioRail Lorraine (Nancy), CFR Morvan
(Nevers),
RegioRail Rhone-Alpes (Lyon) and RegioRail Sud de France (Perpignan).
RegioRail is owned by Eurorail from Belgium and Railroad Development
Company (USA), 50% each.
Website: http://regiorail.fr/
Stock Tables:
Track building/maintenance companies
Network length, gauge and electrification (2010):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
Colas Rail is the new name for former SECO-RAIL, and is a subsidiary of
the Colas group.
SECO-RAIL was a subsidiary group of a holding company, Desquenne et
Giral. The headquarter is at Nanterre, but the workshops are at Les
Mureaux on the north side of the Paris St.Lazare-Mantes=la=Jolie line,
about halfway between Les Mureaux and Elisabethville.
Until 2003 SECO-RAIL used to be called SECO DG. In May 2006 they bought
the small track maintenance company Vecchietti, based in St.
Pierre-des-Corps marshalling yard near Tours.
Colas Rail is now also
licensed to operate open-access freight trains. For this they own new
diesel locomotives of types G1206 and G1000 from Vossloh.
Website: http://www.colasrail.com/
Stock Tables:
DVF -
Dijonnaise
de voies ferrées
Network length, gauge and electrification (2005):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This track maintenance company is based in Dijon. In 2018 its new
sister company Transifer started operating open-access freight trains.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2015):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
In 2015 Eiffage started a rail business division after winning the
contract to build and manage the LGV Bretagne Pays de la Loire. It
took over the small track maintenance company Pichenot-Bouillé. In 2018
another track maintenance company Meccoli (based in Saint
Pierre-des-Corps near Tours) was bought.
Website: http://www.eiffagerail.fr/
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2002):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This company was formed by COGIFER and Drouard to compete against the
larger SECO DG and TSO. Each company owned 50%. The fleets of COGIFER,
Drouard and ETF have now been integrated. Former Drouard locomotives
are only known by their mainline approval numbers.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2018):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This fairly new track mainenance and building company started
operations
in 2013. The company is based in Mennecy and owns/leases many large
diesel locomotives of Vossloh types G1206 and G2000.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2005):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This is another small track maintenance company.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2005):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This is another small track maintenance company, based in Saint-Denis.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2005):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This is another small track maintenance company.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2005):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This is another small track maintenance company.
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (1998):
- no own tracks, operate on SNCF lines
This family company has its headquarters and workshops at Chelles, to
the south of Vaires SNCF stabling point, which is in the marshalling
yard south of the Paris Est-Meaux line, east of Chelles-Gournay.
In 2014 TSO took over smaller competitor E-Génie.
Website: http://www.tso.fr/
Stock Tables:
Network length, gauge and electrification (2018):
Akiem is the major stock leasing company of France. It owns many
locomotives,
most of which were previously used by (Fret) SNCF. Akiem locomotives
are not only used in France but throughout Europe, e.g. also in Italy,
The Netherlands, Germany and Hungary.
In 2020 Akiem acquired another large lease company, Maquarie European
Rail. Since December 2022 Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec is the
new owner of Akiem.
Website: http://www.akiem.com/
Stock Tables:
Last update: 18-11-2024