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Diesel-hydraulic locomotive Renfe 354-001-0 "Virgen de Covadonga", built 1983 to haul Talgo Pendular trains, more lightweight than the previous class 353 so that it can go faster in curves at up to 180 km/h regular speed. Electrification rendered them useless in the 2000s. Museu del Ferrocarril de Catalunya, Vilanova i la Geltrú, 2026-08-18. tobias b köhler

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RENFE locomotive 354-003-6 (Virgen de la Encarnación) shunting at Madrid Chamartin station. Photo by Julio Castillo Jr. (jcastjr@telcom.es)

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Railway Museum Vilanova i la Geltrú - Spain TALGO diesel locomotive 4000T (354-001) is a modernised version of class 353, built in 1983. This class of 8 locomotives could operate at up to 200km/h. Vilanova i la Geltrú, 01-06-2023 Photo by Marco van Uden

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Talgo 463 "Mare Nostrum" (Portbou-Cartagena), seen in San Gabriel, leaving Alicante towards Murcia and Cartagena. This service had just had 2 very close reversals: 1 in Alicante-Término (now Alacant-Terminal), and 1 in San Gabriel, in the background. The whole of the formation was still in "Talgo Pendular" livery, with Talgo 4 cars and Loco 354 007 "Virgen de Begoña" (on Valencia-Cartagena), which was eventually destroyed in the Chinchilla Accident 2003... San Gabriel. August 1993. Photo by Vicente Miralles (vicentren@ono.com)(Acknowledgements), from Tranvia.org Posting and comment by P.L.Guillemin (plguillemin@yahoo.fr).

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Talgo 463 "Mare Nostrum" (Portbou-Cartagena), seen passing through l'Alcudia de Crespins, between Valencia and La Encina. On that day, Loco 354 005 "Virgen del Pilar" was on duty on Valencia-Cartagena. As the Talgo 4 set, it was still in "Talgo Pendular" livery. l'Alcudia de Crespins. December 1994. Photo by Vicente Miralles (vicentren@ono.com)(Acknowledgements), from Tranvia.org Posting and comment by P.L.Guillemin (plguillemin@yahoo.fr).

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Talgo 463 "Mare Nostrum" (Portbou-Cartagena), seen upon reversal in Valencia. On that day, Loco 354 005 "Virgen del Pilar" was on duty on Valencia-Cartagena. While it was still in "Talgo Pendular" livery, the Talgo 4 consist had conversely been reliveried to "Largo Recorrido" standards. Valencia. 1995 Photo by Juanma (juanmadj@tranvia.org)(Acknowledgements), from Tranvia.org Posting and comment by P.L.Guillemin (plguillemin@yahoo.fr).

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Locomotive Talgo class 354. Top speed 200 km/h. 4000 CV Top Speed 180 km/h for the this Pendular train. 4ª generation Serving international service to the french border. Alicante station in May 1994. Talgo train from Cartagena to Cerbere. Photo: Trenet@redestb.es

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On the right, Diesel-hydraulic locomotive Renfe 3005 T (later 353-005-3) "Virgen de la Bien Aparecida" on the right (Krauss-Maffei 1969, in service until 2003, 6041510 km travelled). Technically derived from class 352 (2000 T) the five locomotives of this class were more powerful (2200 kW) with a new body design. They could reach 180 km/h (on a test run in 1978 one reached 230 km/h). Until 1972, the 3002 T and 3005 T were used in France on standard-gauge bogies for the Catalan-Talgo. They were later used on two different routes between Mardid and Barcelona. On the left, the 354-001-0 "Virgen de Covadonga", a more modern and more lightweight version (80 t instead of 88 t), reaching 200 km/h with a power of 2250 kW, built 1983, in service until 2008. Museu del Ferrocarril de Catalunya, Vilanova i la Geltrú, 2026-08-18. tobias b köhler

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On the left, Diesel-hydraulic locomotive Renfe 3005 T (later 353-005-3) "Virgen de la Bien Aparecida" on the right (Krauss-Maffei 1969, in service until 2003, 6041510 km travelled). On the right, the 354-001-0 "Virgen de Covadonga", built 1983, in service until 2008. Museu del Ferrocarril de Catalunya, Vilanova i la Geltrú, 2026-08-18. tobias b köhler