Class 423 was built from 1998 to replace the aging class 420 and (such as in Köln) locomotive hauled trains with "x" type cars. Normally at least two units are coupled, here is a single one, free of graffiti. With 12 wide doors, floor height matching the platforms and four of five bogies powered, they are optimized for short stops at stations and great acceleration, essential on these frequently stopping lines. Köln Messe Deutz, 2013-08-01.