BR withdrawn diesel trainsets and motor cars

  Class NVR Number Axle Formula Number Year in Service Power [kW] Tractive Effort [kN] Max.Speed [km/h] Traction Type Voltage 1st class 2nd class
100
DMU-2 40 1957 110

DM Diesel 12 106
Lightweight diesel trainsets built by Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company Ltd (withdrawn 1988)
101
DMU-2 15 1958 224
112 DM Diesel 0 124
Refurbished Metro-Cammell DMUs, one motor car, nrs. 651-665
101
DMU-2 30 1958 448
120 DM Diesel 0 124
Refurbished Metro-Cammell DMUs, two motor cars, nrs. 676-695
101
DMU-2 3 1958 448
112 DM Diesel 12 98
Facelifted units used on Gatwick-Reading, 2 motor cars, nrs. 835/840/842
103
DMU-2 20 1957 110

DM Diesel 16 100
Lightweight diesel trainsets built by Royal Park for LMR and later WR (withdrawn 1983)
104
DMU-2/3/4 96 1957 220

DM Diesel 24 157
Diesel trainsets built by BRC&W, 302 cars delivered (details for DMU-3 given) (withdrawn 1995)
105
DMU-2/3 141 1956 110

DM Diesel 12 103
Diesel trainsets built by Cravens, 405 cars delivered (details for DMU-2 given) (withdrawn 1988)
107
DMU-3 26 1960 220

DM Diesel 12 176
Low-density diesel trainsets similar to class 108 used around Glasgow (withdrawn 1992)
108
DMU-2/3/4 158 1958 110

DM Diesel 12 105
Diesel trainsets built by BR Derby, 333 cars built (data for DMU-2 with 1 motor car) (withdrawn 1999)
109
DMU-2 5 1957 110

DM Diesel 16 109
Small batch of diesel trainsets built by Wickham&Co. (withdrawn 1971)
115
DMU-4 41 1960 596
112 DM Diesel 30 302
Derby Suburban quad units, two motor cars, used on Chiltern Lines
117/3
DMU-3 38 1959 448
112 DM Diesel 22 202
Pressed Steel Suburban 3-car DMUs, two motor cars
117/7
DMU-2 0 1959 448
112 DM Diesel 0 154
Pressed Steel Suburban 2-car DMUs, rebuilt from class 117/3 (24x)
121
DMU-1 16 1960 224
112 DM Diesel 0 65
Pressed Steel Suburban diesel motor cars (last ones used by Chiltern withdrawn 05/2017)
122
DMU-1 20 1958 224
112 DM Diesel 0 65
Gloucester Suburban diesel motor cars (55012 later used by EWS for route learning)
141
DMU-2 20 1984 300
120 DM Diesel 0 94
Leyland Bus/BREL Railbusses "Pacer" , modified by Barclay 1988-1989 (withdrawn 1997, 12x exported to Iran)
142
DMU-2 96
1985 300
120 DM Diesel 0 121
Leyland Bus/BREL Railbusses "Pacer", improved version of class 141, refurbished DH and 336kW, 30x 106 seats (withdrawn 2020)
143
DMU-2 25
1985 300
120 DM Diesel 0 122
Alexander/Barclay Railbusses "Pacer", similar to class 142, refurbished DH and 336kW, modernised 92 seats (withdrawn 2020)
144
DMU-2 13 1986 300

120 DM Diesel 0 122
Alexander/BREL Railbusses "Pacer", similar to class 142/143, refurbished DH, 336kW and 86 seats (withdrawn 2020)
144
DMU-3 10 1987 459

120 DM Diesel 0 195
3-car version of class 144, refurbished DH, 504kW and 144 seats (withdrawn 2020)
150/9
DMU-3 0
1985 639
120 DH Diesel 0 211
Class 150/1 trainsets nrs. 125/127 enlarged with an additional car of class 150/2, used on Taunton-Cardiff, nrs. 150 925/927 (returned to 150/1 and 150/2 in 2020)
170/3
DMU-2 9 2001 630
160 DH Diesel 8 108
Diesel trainsets "Turbostar" built for SWT and later used by TPX, still in service as class 168/3 for CR, nrs. 170301-308/399(=309)
175/0
DMU-2 11 2001 670
160 DH Diesel 0 118
Modern DMUs from Alstom for North Wales Coast and Manchester-Camarthen/Milford Haven, refurbished, nrs. 175 001-011 (stored 2024)
175/1
DMU-3 16 2001 1005
160 DH Diesel 0 186
Modern DMUs from Alstom for North Wales Coast and Manchester-Camarthen/Milford Haven, refurbished, nrs. 175 101-116 (stored 2024)
205/0
DMU-2/3 33 1957 450
120 DE Diesel 19 206
Diesel-electric DMUs "Hastings", lately used on Uckfield-London Bridge (withdrawn 11/2004)
205/2
DMU-2 0 1957 450
120 DE Diesel 0 179
Diesel-electric DMU "Hampshire", refurbished class 205/0, operated as DMU-3 in summer (1 built)
207/0
DMU-2 19 1962 450
120 DE Diesel 0 118
Diesel-electric DMUs "Oxted" or "3D East Sussex" (2 rebuilt into class 207/2)
207/2
DMU-3 0 1962 450
120 DE Diesel 0 179
Diesel-electric DMUs "Oxted", refurbished, used on Hastings-Ashford line (rebuilt from 207/0)

BR withdrawn AC electric trainsets

  Class NVR Number Axle Formula Number Year in Service Power [kW] Tractive Effort [kN] Max.Speed [km/h] Traction Type Voltage 1st class 2nd class
302/2
EMU-4 30 1958 575
120 E 25kV 50Hz 24 302
EMUs for London Tilbury & Southend line, refurbished
303
EMU-3 91 1959 620
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 160
EMUS used on suburban services in Glasgow area
304/1
EMU-3 18 1960 620
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 234
EMUs for regional trains, narrow windows, refurbished, originally EMU-4
304/2
EMU-3 22 1960 620
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 234
EMUs for regional trains, standard windows, originally EMU-4
305
EMU-4 19 1960 612
120 E 25kV 50Hz 24 302
EMUs used on Edinburgh - North Berwick and in Great Manchester area
306
EMU-3 92 1949 468
112 E 25kV 50Hz 0 168
EMUs bougt for the Liverpool Street-Shenfield line, historic 306 017 with FGE
308
EMU-3 31 1961 574
120 E 25kV 50Hz 24 216
EMUs for regional trains, refurbished, originally EMU-4
309/1
EMU-4 12 1962 840
160 E 25kV 50Hz 24 196
Essex Express Stock "Clacton" EMUs, originally EMU-2
309/2
EMU-4 15 1962 840
160 E 25kV 50Hz 18 200
Essex Express Stock "Clacton" EMUs, originally EMU-2
310/0
EMU-4 50 1965 806
120 E 25kV 50Hz 25 289
EMUs for London Tilbury & Southend line
310/1
EMU-3 0 1965 806
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 223
Rebuilt from class 310/0 for regional trains (13x)
311
EMU-3 19 1967 660
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 160
EMUs built by Cravens of Sheffield for the 'Glasgow South Side' electrification to Gourock & Wemyss Bay
312/0
EMU-4 30 1976 806
144 E 25kV 50Hz 25 297
EMUs for Great Eastern Railways
312/1
EMU-4 19 1975 806
144 E 25kV 50Hz 25 297
EMUs formerly used by C2C, could also operate on 6.25 kV AC
313/0
EMU-3 64
1976 657
120 E 750V=+25kV 0 232
Dual voltage EMUs built for Great Norther Inner Suburban services from Moorgate, similar to class 314/315/507/508
313/1
EMU-3 0
1976 657
120 E 750V=+25kV 0 231
Dual voltage EMUs class 313 modified for Euston-Watford DC services (4x, nrs. 313 121-123/134)
313/2
EMU-3 0
1976 657
120 E 750V= 0 194
Dual voltage EMUs class 313 modified for Coastal lines from Brighton, 25kV pantograph removed (19x, nrs. 313 201-217/219/220) (withdrawn 05/2023)
314
EMU-3 16 1979 657
112
E 25kV 50Hz 0 218
EMUs for Glasgow south inner suburban services (built for Argyle line), nrs. 314 201-216 (withdrawn 12/2019)
315
EMU-4 61
1980 657
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 309
EMUs for West Anglia inner suburban services, last used on Romford-Upminster, nrs. 315 801-861 (withdrawn 12/2022)
316
EMU-3 1 1954 584
120 E 750V=+25kV 0 0
Test unit 316 997, converted from class 307 for test of class 323
317/1
EMU-4 48
1981 990
160 E 25kV 50Hz 22 270
EMUs originally built for Great Northern line (last refresh in 2008), nrs. 317 301-348 (withdrawn 2022)
317/2
EMU-4 24 1985 990
160 E 25kV 50Hz 22 270
Regional EMUs for outer-suburban services on Great Northern, all rebuilt into class 317/6, nrs. 317 349-372
317/5
EMU-4 0
1981 990
160 E 25kV 50Hz 22 270
EMUs used on Liverpool Street-Hertford East and Stratford-Stansted Airport, renumbered from class 317/1, nrs. 317 501-515 (15x, withdrawn 2022)
317/6
EMU-4 0
1985 990
160 E 25kV 50Hz 24 231
EMUs for Great Northern line to Cambridge/King's Lynn, refurbished class 317/2, nrs. 317 649-672 (24x, withdrawn 2020 by GA)
317/7
EMU-4 0
1981 990
160 E 25kV 50Hz 22 172
EMUs, rebuilt from class 317/1 for Stansted Express services (9x, withdrawn 2021 by GA)
317/8
EMU-4 0
1981 990
160 E 25kV 50Hz 20 245
EMUs rebuilt and renumbered from class 317/1, for Stratford-Stansted and Standsted Express strengthening, nrs. 317 881-892 (12x, withdrawn 2022)
319/0
EMU-4 60
1987 1072

160 E 750V=+25kV 0 313
Dual voltage EMUs taken built for Thameslink services Bedford-Brighton and branches, 7x rebuilt into 319/2 and 40x into 319/4, nrs. 319 001-060
319/1
EMU-4 26
1990 1072

160 E 750V=+25kV 16
256
Similar to class 319/0 but with first class seating for longer-distance services, all rebuilt into class 319/3, nrs. 319 161-186
319/2
EMU-4 0
1987 1072

160 E 750V=+25kV 18 225
Class 319/0 rebuilt in 1997 from class 319/0(7x) for "Brighton Express", 2+1 and 2+2 seating, nrs. 319 214-220
319/4
EMU-4 0
1987 1072

160 E 750V=+25kV 12 276
Trainsets rebuilt from class 319/0 for "City Flyer" services Bedford-Brighton (40x), 2+1 and 2+2 seating, nrs. 319 421-460
321/3
EMU-4 66
1988 1072 87
160 E 25kV 50Hz 20
293
EMUs built for Liverpool Street workings on Great Eastern line, nrs. 321 301-366 (from 2015 16/287 seats)
321/3
EMU-4 0
1988 1200
100 160 E 25kV 50Hz 16 265
Class 321/3 "Renatus" heavily modernised from 2017 (30x), nrs. 321 301-330 (withdrawn 04/2023)
321/4
EMU-4 48
1989 1072 87
160 E 25kV 50Hz 28 271
EMUs originally built for West Coast Main Line, later on Great Eastern line (nrs. 321 421-437 16/283 and 438-447 16/291 seats)
321/9
EMU-4 3
1991 1072
160 E 25kV 50Hz 0 309
EMUs originally for West Yorkshire PTE, transferred from Northern to GA in early 2020, refurbished for GA with 281 seats (withdrawn 2022)
322
EMU-4 5
1990 996

160 E 25kV 50Hz 35
217
EMUs built for Stansted Airport services, later used by many other operators, nrs. 322 481-485 (rebuilt 0/291 seats, withdrawn 2022)
332
EMU-4 9 1997 1400
160 E 25kV 50Hz 20 146
Heathrow Express 4-car EMUs with low-density seating, originally 12x EMU-3 +2x EMU-4, nrs. 332 001-004/010-014 (withdrawn 12/2020)
332
EMU-5 5 1997 1400
160 E 25kV 50Hz 20 202
Heathrow Express 5-car EMUs with low-density seating, enlarged from EMU-4 in 2002, nrs. 332 005-009 (withdrawn 12/2020)
365
EMU-4 41
1994 1256
160 E 25kV 50Hz
24
240
Networker Express EMUs (750V= possible), formerly used on King's Cross-Huntingdon/Cambridge/King's Lynn, nrs. 365 501-541 (last off-lease 05/2021)
373/2
EMU-16 0 2000 12200
300 E 750+3000V=+25kV 128 464
TMST "Regional" sets, originally built for Paris-Manchester/Leeds/Glasgow, 4x leased for London-Leeds (nrs. 3301-02 & 3305-06 in 2000/2005, nrs. 3309-10 & 3311-12 in 2002/2005). Restricted to 177km/h in 2000/2002. Temporarily leased to SNCF (for Paris-North). Not refurbished.

BR withdrawn DC electric trainsets

  Class NVR Number Axle Formula Number Year in Service Power [kW] Tractive Effort [kN] Max.Speed [km/h] Traction Type Voltage 1st class 2nd class
410
EMU-4 22 1960 740
144 E 750V= 24 158
EMUs 4 Bep, Kent Coast express units with buffet car, nrs. 7001-7022
411/0
EMU-4 111 1958 740
144 E 750V= 24 198
EMUs 4 Cep "Kent Coast Express Stock", nrs. 7101-7211
411/5
EMU-4 0 1958 740
144 E 750V= 24 198
EMUs 4 Cep "Kent Coast Express Stock", refurbished (108x, nrs. 1501-1620)
411/9
EMU-3 0 1958 740
144 E 750V= 24 134
EMUs 3 Cep "Kent Coast Express Stock", rebuilt from 411/5 (18x, nrs. 1101-1118)
411/9
EMU-3 0 1960 740
144 E 750V= 24 134
EMUs 3 Cep, rebuilt by removing buffet car from a class 412, for Lymington branch (2x, nrs. 1198/1199)
412/0
EMU-4 0 1960 740
144 E 750V= 24 158
EMUs 4 Bep, refurbished class 410 (7x, nrs. 2301-2307)
412/1
EMU-4 0 1960 740
144 E 750V= 24 198
EMUs 4 Cep refurbished for Portsmouth line, buffet car removed (7x, nrs. 2311-2317)
412/2
EMU-4 0 1960 740
144 E 750V= 24 158
EMUs 4 Bep refurbished for Portsmouth line, buffet car added (7x, nrs. 2321-2327)
421/1
EMU-4 36 1964 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
EMUs 4 Cig (Phase 1) express trainsets, nrs. 7301-7336
421/2
EMU-4 102 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
EMUs 4 Cig (Phase 2) express trainsets, nrs. 7337-7438
421/3
EMU-4 0 1964 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
Facelifted EMUs 4 Cig (Phase 1) (36x, nrs. 1701-1736)
421/4
EMU-4 0 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
Facelifted EMUs 4 Cig (Phase 2) (91x, nrs. 1801-1891)
421/5
EMU-4 0 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
EMUs 4 Cig "Greyhound" modified for fast Portsmouth line services (22x, nrs. 1301-1322)
421/6
EMU-4 0 1964 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
EMUs 4 Big (Phase 1) rebuilt with 4 Cep phase 2 buffet cars (12x, nrs. 1751-1762)
421/7
EMU-3 0 1970 740
144 E 750V= 18 152
EMUs 3 Cop, rebuilt from class 422/2 4 Big in 1997/1998 (11x, nrs. 1401-1411)
421/7
EMU-3 0 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 112
Heritage EMUs rebuilt from 4 Cig "Greyhound" for Lymington branch (2x, nrs. 1497/1498, withdrawn 05/2010)
421/8
EMU-4 0 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 184
EMUs 4 Cig "Greyhound" rebuilt from class 422/3 with one trailer from class 411/5 (8x, nrs. 1392-1399)
421/9
EMU-4 0 1964 740
144 E 750V= 42 192
EMUs 4 Cig (Phase 1) Express stock with 4 Rep bogies (8x, nrs. 1901-1908)
422/0
EMU-8 0 1970 1480
144 E 750V= 84 352
EMUs 8 Dig consisting of permanently coupled class 421 + class 422 (4x, nrs. 2001-2004)
422/1
EMU-4 18 1964 740
144 E 750V= 42 160
EMUs 4 Big (Phase 1) express trainsets, nrs. 7031-7048 (later 2101-2112)
422/2
EMU-4 10 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 160
EMUs 4 Big (Phase 2) express trainsets, nrs. 7049-7058 (later 2201-2210)
422/3
EMU-3 0 1970 740
144 E 750V= 42 160
Express EMUs 4 Big (Phase 1/2), facelifted (12x, nrs. 2251-2262)
423/0
EMU-4 194 1967 740
144 E 750V= 48 224
EMUs 4 Vep for semi-fast services around London, nrs. 7701-7894 (later 3001-3194)
423/1
EMU-4 0 1967 740
144 E 750V= 36 266
EMUs 4 Vep modernised in 1988-1995, nrs. 3401-3591 and 3801-3812 (191x)
423/8
EMU-4 0 1967 740
144 E 750V= 18 290
Mix of 423/1 and 423/9, 4 Vip nrs. 3813/14/21/22/41-44 (8x)
423/9
EMU-4 0 1967 740
144 E 750V= 0 314
Class 423/1 modified for South London "Metro" services in 1998-1999, 4 Vop nrs. 3901-3919 (19x)
442
EMU-5 24
1988 1200
160 E 750V= 36
264
Wessex Express Stock EMUs later modified for Victoria-Gatwick/Brighton, nrs. 442 401-424 (later 24/318 seats, stored 2021)
450/5
EMU-4 0
2003 2000

160 E 750V= 0
238
Class 450/0 modified for suburban services with more standing space, nrs. 450 543-570 (28x, rebuilt into 450/0 again)
456
EMU-2 24 1990 370
120 E 750V= 0 130
EMUs built for South London lines to strenghthen class 455 trains, nrs. 456 001-024 (rebuilt 152 seats, withdrawn 01/2022)
458
EMU-4 30 2000 1620
160 E 750V= 24 261
EMUs "Juniper" from Alstom for Waterloo-Reading, Guildford-Ascot and Farnham-Waterloo peak services, rebuilt into class 458/5 from 2013
460
EMU-8 8
2000 2700
160 E 750V= 47 316
Modern "Juniper" EMUs from Alstom for Gatwick Express (London Victoria-Gatwick Airport) services (stored 04/2011)
483
EMU-2 9
1989 493

72 E 630 V= 0 84
Island Line (Isle of Wight) EMUs converted from London Underground stock, originally built 1938 (withdrawn 01/2021)
485
EMU-4 6 1967 706
72 E 630 V= 0 132
Electric trainsets rebuilt from withdrawn London Underground stock for Isle of Wight, 4 Vec nrs. 485 041-046
486
EMU-3 6 1967 353
72 E 630 V= 0 106
Electric trainsets rebuilt from withdrawn London Underground stock for Isle of Wight, 3 Tis nrs. 486 031-036
488/2
EMU-2 10 1973 0
144 E 750V= 41 48
Coach sets converted from hauled coaches for Gatwick Express, nrs. 8201-8210
488/3
EMU-3 17 1973 0
144 E 750V= 41 96
Coach sets converted from hauled coaches for Gatwick Express, nrs. 8301-8317
489
EMU-1 10 1983 370
144 E 750V= 0 0
Electric motor cars rebuilt from class 414/3 to haul class 488, nrs. 9101-9110
507
EMU-3 33 1978 657
120 E 750V= 0 234
EMUs used on Merseyrail (Liverpool), later refurbished similar to class 508 (modified 222 seats, refurbished 192 seats) (withdrawn 10/2024)
508/0
EMU-4 43
1979 657
120 E 750V= 0 320
EMUs built for the Merseyside railway network around Liverpool, started to work at London Waterloo, all rebuilt into class 508/1
508/1
EMU-3 0
1979 657
120 E 750V= 0 234
EMUs used on Merseyrail (Liverpool), rebuilt from 4-car EMUs (43x), later refurbished with 222 seats (withdrawn 01/2024)
508/2
EMU-3 0 1979 657
120 E 750V= 0 219
EMUs from Merseyrail, mainly used on Strood-Paddock Wood/Tonbridge and London Bridge-Tonbridge/Tunbridge Wells (12x rebuilt in 1997/1998 for Connex South Eastern, 192 sets)
508/3
EMU-3 0
1979 657
120 E 750V= 0 222
EMUs from Merseyrail, formerly used on London Euston-Watford Junction (3x rebuilt in 2002/2003 for Silverlink/London Overground)
769/9

BMU-4 19
1990 990
160 ED 750V=+25kV+Diesel
0 303
Electric trainsets class 319/4 rebuilt with 2x 390kW diesel power packs for GWR, never entered service

BR withdrawn departmental stock

  Class NVR Number Axle Formula Number Year in Service Power [kW] Tractive Effort [kN] Max.Speed [km/h] Traction Type Voltage 1st class 2nd class
489
EMU-1 2 1983 370
144 E 750V= 0 0
Former Gatwick Express motor luggage vans, converted to de-icing vehicles, nrs. 9102/9109
901
DMU-2 1 1956 448
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Ultrasonic testing/tractor unit, nr. 901 001, converted 1986 from class 101 DMU (withdrawn 12/2007)
901
DMU-2 1 1957 448
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Test unit "Iris 2", converted in 1991 from a class 101 DMU, nr. 901 002 (withdrawn 12/2007)
930/0
EMU-2 20 1946 740
120 E 750V= 0 0
Sandite/de-icing units converted from class 405
930/0
EMU-3 1 1956 740
144 E 750V= 0 0
Route learning unit 930 082 converted from class 411/4
930/1
EMU-2 1 1954 740
120 E 750V= 0 0
Tractor unit 930 101, converted from class 416/2
930/1
EMU-2 1 1954 740
120 E 750V= 0 0
Sandite unit 930 102, converted from class 416, operated by SWT
930/2
EMU-2 5 1954 740
120 E 750V= 0 0
Sandite/de-icing units converted from class 416/2, nrs. 930 201/202/204-206, operated by SET
930/3
DMU-3 1 1960 900
120 DE Diesel 0 0
Sandite/de-icing unit 930 301 converted in 1993 from a class 205 DMU (withdrawn 12/2007)
931
EMU-2 1 1954 370
120 E 750V= 0 0
Route learning unit converted from class 416/2, nrs. 931 001
931
EMU-2 1 1954 740
120 E 750V= 0 0
Carriage cleaning fluid unit converted from class 416/2, nr. 931 062
931
EMU-1 1 1959 740
144 EB 750V= 0 0
Electric and battery tractor unit 931 092, previously class 419
936/0
EMU-2 1 1957 548
112 E 750V= 0 0
Sandite unit 936 003, converted from a class 501 EMU
936/1
EMU-3 2 1967 660
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 0
Sandite units converted from class 311, nrs. 936 103/104
937
EMU-3 2 1961 574
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 0
Sandite units converted from class 308, nrs. 937 990/991
937
EMU-3 1 1958 574
120 E 25kV 50Hz 0 0
Sandite unit 937 998 converted from a class 302 EMU
960
DMU-1 1 1960 224
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Track assessment unit, converted from class 121 (withdrawn 12/2007)
960/0
DMU-1 7
1960 224
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Sandite/Route Learning motor cars rebuilt from "bubble car" class 121, nrs. 960 011-014 +3 others
960/0
DMU-1 1 1958 224
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Sandite unit, converted from class 122 DMU in 1991, nr. 960 015
960/3
DMU-3 1 1959 448
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Water jetting unit, converted from class 117 DMU in 2003, nr. 960 301
960/3
DMU-1 2 1960 224
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Emergency train units for Severn Tunnel, converted from class 121, nrs. 960 302/303
960/9
DMU-2 5 1957 448
112 DM Diesel 0 0
Sandite and route learning units, converted from 101, nr 960 991-5
 
DMU-1 1 1957 224
112 DM Diesel 0 0
SO, original test unit, coach number 975010 "Iris"

Last update: 10-11-2024